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Cemetery mary kualii2/28/2023 At the time, only 300 plots at the cemetery were available for use. (Initially, the graves at National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific were marked with white wooden crosses and Stars of David however, in 1951, these were replaced by permanent flat granite markers.)Īfter the attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, the Navy selected Oʻahu Cemetery to bury the dead. The first interment at Punchbowl was made January 4, 1949.) In 1943, the governor of Hawaiʻi offered the Punchbowl for use as a national memorial cemetery in February 1948 Congress approved funding and construction began. (Punchbowl was not a cemetery at that time. While the war was on, most of these honored dead were buried in temporary US military cemeteries. World War II brought death to more than 300,000 Americans who were serving their country overseas. Among the deceased were 2,008 Navy personnel, 109 Marine, 218 Army and 68 civilians. Traditional Hawaiian navigation depended upon knowledge of the stars.As a result of the Decemattack on Pearl Harbor, there were 2,403 people killed and 1,178 wounded. Ancient Hawaiians intensely studied the stars in ways consistent with their technolog y. When ancient Hawaiians found a resource valuable to them – the d ensest rock in Hawai‘i – near the summit of Mauna Kea, they made use of it, quarrying hundreds of a cres. To these witnesses, res pect for Mauna Kea can be reconciled with moder n astronomy. These witnesses see TMT and the other telescopes, not as objects spoiling the landscape, but as po rtals to discovery placed in this site made ideal for them. Mauna Kea will forever be known throughout the world as the sit e of profound discoveries about the universe. After a worldwide search, scientists found that Mauna Kea is the best site on earth for the most advanced telescope ever built. Other witnesses, including some native Hawaiians, embrace a different way of thinking and feeling about the TMT: as a project that honors Mauna Kea rather than injures it. Iii To the extent that the belief that Mauna Kea is too sacred to allow large structures is a religious one, under the federal and state constitutions a group’s religious beliefs cannot be given veto power over the use of public land. The TMT site and its vicinity were not u sed for traditional and customary native Hawaiian practices conducted elsewhere on Mauna Kea, such as depositing It will not significantly change the appearance of the summit of Mauna Kea from populated areas on Hawai‘i Island. The TMT will not pollute groundwater, will not damage any historic sites, will not harm rare plants or animals, will not release toxic materials, and will not otherwise harm the environment. The first large telescope on Mauna Ke a was completed forty-seven years ago. Mauna Kea now hosts twelve observatories, including six that are between 100 and 151 feet tall. This project is not, however, on an untouched landscape. The TMT is a very large structure, 180 feet tall, proposed near the top of a culturally important and magnificently beautiful mountain. It is not int ended to replace or supplement the f indings of fact, conclusions of law, and decision and order, and they prevail in case of any perceived conflict between them and this Preface. This Preface cannot describe fully how the Board considered various factors. Because of the length of this document, the Board thought it would be useful to the parties and public to give a brief summary. Along with minor cor rections, the changes mostly give f urther explanations for some aspects of the decision. The Board’s modifications are consistent with the hearing of ficer’s factual findings and legal conclusions. The Board commends the hearing officer’s thorough, comprehensive and well-considered report, prepared after 44 days of hearings. The Board adopts the hea ring officer’s recommended findings of fact, conclusions of law, and decision and order, with modifications, including additional conditions.
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